Wednesday, July 4, 2018

Formulaic Conventions of Recitative (Tropes of Recitative)

It is very frustrating reading musicologist discuss recitative and see them being focused on the history of the genre and failing to describe the conventions of the form other than being "secco" or "Italian", etc. One thing I do see them discussing is the way recitative can be blended with aria, so let's not go into that. But here are some conventions that are part of the recitative formula by convention, which seem to receive very little attention from musicologists:
  1. The recitative is a dialog alternating between singer and instruments
  2. Usually the instruments make a 'statement' and the singer gives a "reply" or makes their own statement
  3. At the end, instruments finish the cadence.
  4. Singer can use rhythms of their own choosing; instruments usually stick to more rigid meter
  5. The decoupling of voice from instrument occurs through following different rules of meter. So when recitative blends back into aria it can do so, gradually, as the voice does or does not begin to coordinate with the more rigidly metered instrumental parts.
Fun violations
The cadence of (3) above is usually a 5-1. You occasionally hear Bach do a 4-1. You can break this rule in lots of obvious ways: 2-1, 3-1, or whatever you like.

I am writing a recitative where I am enjoying breaking several rules. At the beginning, I am letting the voice go first and be answered by the instruments. For the cadence, I am using 1-5 (F-C) in one place and 1-(minor)5 (C-Gmin) in another. And then by repeating the phrases I can end on the voice, then echo with an ending in the instruments. Finally I go into an aria "al attacca' when I do get back to the '1' rather than ending the recitative.

Most composers I listen to did some experiments with the form. Mozart stands out as a composer who did not.

Update: Another flouting of the recitative conventions is to have that two chord cadence actually serve both as a cadence and as a motif for the initial melody. So the recitative I am writing, called a "reverse recitative", starts with a motif of notes: 1-6. I am thinking of ending on a 2-8 notes.

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